Benefit: And if the blood decreases, there is consensus that she becomes pure by that when she sees the signs of purity.

Benefit: Distinguishing (tamyeez) between menstrual blood and chronic blood is required if reliance cannot be placed on the cycle regarding menstruation, such as when a woman, from the beginning of her puberty, is in a state of irregularity, or has no habit, or had a habit but forgot it, and so on. It is distinguished by these two signs: 1 - The colour of the blood and its smell: The blood that is menstrual blood is black, meaning its redness increases until it tends towards blackness. The blood of chronic bleeding (istihadah) is like regular blood, red, and it may be thinner than that until it tends towards yellowness. 2 - Menstrual blood has a foul, repulsive odour. As for chronic bleeding blood, it has a regular odour like normal blood; it does not have a strong foul smell. Some scholars mention a third sign: that menstrual blood does not clot, and chronic bleeding blood clots. ===== Page 5 ===== Benefit: According to the correct view, the woman with chronic bleeding (mustahadah) performs Ghusl once only, no more. As for what Umm Habibah did, it was her own ijtihad (reasoning), and the Prophet ﷺ did not command her to do that. Benefit: And if her cycle is disturbed and she has no stable cycle, nor the ability to distinguish (between types of blood), she should adopt the duration of the menses of her female relatives – like her mother, sister, and aunt. If she does not know the menses duration of her female relatives, she should sit (refrain from prayer) for the prevalent duration of women's menses, which is six days or seven days. Benefit: It is recommended for the mustahadah to perform wudu for each obligatory prayer, and she may pray as many voluntary prayers as she wishes, and wudu is not obligatory (for voluntary prayers beyond that). The Third Section: Postpartum Bleeding (An-Nifas) Definition: It is the blood that comes out after childbirth. Some scholars also include the blood that comes out with the childbirth, though this is rare. Benefit: Blood that comes out before childbirth is considered corrupt blood (dam fasad), so a woman does not leave prayer because of it. This often happens in cases of miscarriage. Benefit: The fluid that comes out before childbirth does not prevent a woman from praying. She prays, and if the bleeding continues, it is considered Istihadah (chronic bleeding). Benefit: Postpartum blood (nifas) has the same rulings as menstrual blood (hayd) in terms of what is obligatory, permissible, forbidden, etc. Benefit: There is no minimum limit for postpartum blood. Even if it comes out just once and then stops, she becomes pure. If nothing comes out at all, she is not considered to be in nifas and she prays. Benefit: A woman who undergoes a C-section (where the baby is delivered through an incision, not the birth canal) – if blood comes out, she is in nifas. If no blood comes out, she prays and fasts (she is not in nifas). Benefit: The maximum duration for postpartum bleeding is sixty days. If bleeding continues beyond sixty days, she performs Ghusl, prays, and is considered a mustahadah (having chronic bleeding). What type of pregnancy, when delivered, makes a woman considered to be in nifas? If she delivers a clot (alaqah) or a lump of flesh (mudghah) and it is confirmed that it was a pregnancy, it is considered nifas, and the waiting period ('iddah) ends with it. If she delivers a drop of fluid (nutfah), it is not considered nifas. A woman miscarries at three months; what is required of her? Prayer and fasting if she becomes pure, and she is considered to be in nifas. Usually, in such cases, bleeding may occur for a week, two weeks, or similar, and then she becomes pure after that. Source: https://t.me/womensbenefits/1483