((ما من صاحب إبل ولا بقر ولا غنم، لا يُؤدِّي حقَّها، إلا أُقْعِدَ لها يوم القيامة بقاعٍ قَرْقَرٍ يعني: مستوٍ واسعٍ تطؤه ذات الظِّلْفِ بظِلْفِها، وتنطحه ذات القر

"There is no owner of camels, cattle, or sheep who fails to fulfill their due rights except that, on the Day of Judgment, they will be made to sit in a vast, level plain. There, the hoofed animals will trample them with their hooves, and the horned animals will gore them with their horns. On that day, there will be no hornless or broken-horned animals among them." We asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what are their due rights?" The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, "Providing access to their male for breeding, lending their bucket for drawing water, and offering their milk freely on the day they are milked." [Muslim] EXAMPLE: Suppose your neighbour is in a situation where he urgently needs to take one of his children or family members to the hospital. He does not have a car and knocks on your door, requesting to borrow your car. You, on the other hand, have no immediate need for the car, or perhaps you own more than one vehicle. In this case, you are obligated to lend him your car, and if you refuse, you will be sinful. SUNNAH It is reported that Safwan ibn Umayyah (may Allāh be pleased with him) said: ((أن النبي استعار منه أدرعاً يوم حنين)) “The Prophet ﷺ borrowed armor from me on the day of Hunayn.” [Narrated by Ahmad and Abu Dawood, authenticated by Al-Albani] Similarly, Anas (may Allāh be pleased with him) reported: ((أن النبي اسـتـعـار فـرســاً مـن أبي طلحة رضي الله عنه)) “The Prophet ﷺ borrowed a horse from Abu Talha.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim] -------------- PILLARS Lending is based on four key components: 1I المُعير - The lender (the owner) 2I المستعير - The borrower (the one requesting the loan) 3I العارية - The loaned item (the object being lent) 4I المنفعة - The benefit (the borrower’s use of the loaned item) -------------- المسألة الثانية: شروطها Conditions of Lending 1. The lender and borrower must be legally competent (جائز التصرف) to give or receive gifts, and the lent item must be owned by the lender. 2. The borrowed item must be lawful for use. Lending for prohibited activities (e.g., musical instruments) is not valid. Similarly, borrowing a gold or silver vessel for drinking is impermissible, as well as lending any item whose usage is prohibited in Islam. NOTE: There is no necessary connection تلازم between the prohibition of selling something and the permissibility of lending it. It may be be permissible to lend something even though selling it is not permitted. For example, it is prohibited to sell a dog, but it is permissible to lend it (i.e. A hunting dog, farming, or livestock dog). Similarly, a male animal for mating purposes may be lent, but it is not permissible to take any fee for mating services. 3. The lent item must remain intact after use. If it is something that is consumed upon use, such as food, then lending it is not permissible. NOTE: If the item can only be used by destroying it, this is considered a هبة/gift or صدقة/charity. For example, if we give someone food and they consume it, we wouldn't call it عارية. This would be considered a charity or a gift. 4. Mutual consent --------------------- المسألة الثالثة: بعض الأحكام المتعلقة بها Some Related Rulings 1. The borrower (المستعير) is not permitted to lend the borrowed item to another person, as he does not own it. Similarly, he may not rent it out unless the owner explicitly grants permission. NOTE: One of the key difference between العارية and الإجارة is that the lessee owns the benefit, whereas the borrower does not own the benefit. The borrower is merely permitted to use it.