And he said:

إن أخرجا جميعا العوض وكان معهما آخر محللا يكافيها كان ذلك جائزا، وإن لم يكن بينهما محلل فبذل أحدهما شيئا طابت به نفسه من غير إلزام له أطعم به الجماعة أو أعطاه للمعلم أو أعطاه لرفيقه كان ذلك جائزا "If both competitors contribute the prize, and a third person (muḥallil) of equal ability competes alongside them, then this is permissible. However, if there is no muḥallil between them, and one of the competitors voluntarily offers something without being obligated—whether to feed the group, reward the instructor, or give it to a companion—then this is also permissible." NOTE: If the prizes are provided by an external party, not by the competitors themselves, then this falls under the category of Ja‘ālah (a conditional reward for completing a task). The sponsor of these prizes may declare, for example: "Whoever memorises a specific portion of the Qur'an will receive such-and-such," or "Whoever memorises a certain number of hadiths will receive such-and-such." This is classified as Ja‘ālah and is permissible. ------- FINAL NOTES: 1. If participating in a competition results in either winning or losing, it is considered gambling. And based on this, competitions that require participants to pay money in order to enter are not permissible. Exception: Competitions involving camels, archery, and horses. 2. If a participant either wins or remains unaffected by loss, then this is not considered gambling. 3. Prizes/raffles included in certain items are is permissible under two conditions: - The seller must sell at the market price and must not attach any additional compensation to the gift. - The buyer must make the purchase out of necessity, not for the sake of the prize. ______ الباب الثامن عشر: العارية The 18th Subchapter: Lending المسألة الأولى: معناها وأدلة مشروعيتها Its Definition and Evidence of Its Permissibility DEFINITION BENEFIT: It is said "عاريّة" and "عارية", with the latter being more common and eloquent. LINGUISTICALLY لغة: ما يُعطى بشرط أن يعاد من عرى الشيء إذا ذهب وجاء. It refers to something given on the condition that it is returned, derived from the root ’arā, meaning "to go and come back." * It is called so because it goes to the borrower and then returns to the lender. وقيل: إنها مأخوذة من العُرْي: وهو التجرُّد؛ وسُمِّيت بذلك لتجرُّدها عن العوض. It is said that it is derived from "Al-‘ury," which means detachment or nakedness; it is called so because of its detached from compensation. LEGISLATIVELY شرعا: إباحة الانتفاع بالشيء مع بقاء عينه. Al-I’ārah refers to permitting someone to benefit from an item while its ownership remains with the lender. العارية: هي العين المأخوذة للانتفاع. Al-’Ariyah refers to the borrowed item itself EXAMPLE: A person borrows a car from another to travel and then returns it. RULING For the lender, it is recommended according to the majority of scholars, and for the borrower, it is permissible based on the Qur'ān, Sunnah and ijmā’. QUR'ĀN Allāh said: ﴿وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبَرِ وَالتَّقْوَى﴾ “And cooperate in righteousness and piety.” [Al-Ma'idah: 2] Additionally, Allāh says: ﴿وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ﴾ “And they withhold (simple) assistance.” [Al-Ma'un: 7] This Āyah refers to neighbours lending household items such as utensils and pots. Allāh condemns those who withhold lending, indicating that it is a commendable and encouraged practice. It also includes those who withhold Zakah, as mentioned by Ibn Kathir. NOTE: Based on the above Āyah, some scholars argue that lending is obligatory مع غَناء المالك وحاجة المستعير. when the owner is wealthy and the borrower is in dire need. This opinion is attributed to Imam Ahmad and was endorsed by Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him. Similarly, Javier narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: