Furthermore, there is a warning for those who do not pay the worker’s wages. Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: “Allah said:

((ثلاثة أنا خصمهم يوم القيامة)) There are three people Who I will be their opponent on the Day of Judgment… and one of them is: ((رجلٌ استأجر أجيراً فاستوفى منه ولم يعطه أجره)) a man who hires a worker, benefits from his work, but does not pay him his due wage.” [Sahih al-Bukhari, 2227]. Ibn ’Umar (may Allāh be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: ((أعطوا الأجير أجره قبل أن يجف عرقه)) “Give the worker his wages before his sweat dries.” [Sunan Ibn Majah, 2443, authenticated by Al-Albani]. ---------- BENEFIT: The difference between a sale and a rental contract: In a sale, the ownership of the asset along with its benefit transfers from the seller to the buyer. In contrast, in renting, the tenant benefits from the asset while the ownership remains with the owner. BENEFIT: What can be rented? Principle 1: كل ما يمكن الانتفاع به مع بقاء عينه تصح إجارته، وكل ما يصح بيعه تصح إجارته ما لم يمنع من ذلك مانع شرعي. Anything that can be benefited from while retaining its substance is valid for renting. Similarly, anything that can be sold can also be rented, unless there is a legal prevention. Principle 2: وكل ما حَرُم بيعه حَرُمت إجارته إلا الوقف، والحر، وأم الولد. What is not permissible to sell is also not permissible to rent, except for: (1) the free person, (2) the endowment, (3) and أم الولد (the female slave who has borne a child by her owner) ---------- PILLARS It consists of four pillars: 1. The lessor (المؤجِّر) 2. The lessee (المستأجِر) 3. The leased item (المستأجَر) 4. The rental fee (الأجرة) ------------ المسألة الثانية: شروطها Its Conditions 1. Renting is only valid if both parties are legally competent (جائز التصرف); sane, of legal age, free, and of sound judgment. 2. The benefit to be derived from the contract must be clear, as it is the object of the contract. Knowledge of it is required, just as in a sale contract. 3. The wage must be known, as it is the compensation in a contract of exchange, and thus, knowledge of it is necessary, similar to the price in a sale contract. 4. The benefit must be permissible; renting is not valid for activities like zina (fornication), singing, or renting musical instruments. 5. The benefit must be capable of being enjoyed; renting is not valid for something from which the benefit cannot be derived, such as renting to a blind person something that requires sight. 6. The benefit must be owned by the lessor or they must have permission to offer it; since renting is essentially the sale of benefits, this condition is required, just as in a sale. 7. The duration must be known; renting for an unknown period is not valid, as it leads to disputes. ------- المسألة الثالثة: الأحكام المتعلقة بها The Rules Related to Renting The following rules are related to rental contracts: 1. It is not permissible to rent oneself for acts of worship and religious duties, such as the call to prayer (adhan), pilgrimage (hajj), issuing fatwas, judging, leading prayers (imamate), or teaching the Qur'an, as these are acts of devotion to Allāh. However, those who perform such duties may receive compensation from the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal). On the authority ’Abdirraḥmān ibn Shibl, may Allāh be pleased with him, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ((اقْرَءُوا الْقُرْآنَ وَلَا تَغْلُوا فِيهِ وَلَا تَجْفُوا عَنْهُ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا بِهِ وَلَا تَسْتَكْثِرُوا بِهِ)). "Recite the Qur’an, but do not be excessive in it, nor be negligent towards it. Do not use it as a means of material gain, nor seek to accumulate wealth through it." [رواه أحمد في مسنده] 2. The lessor must deliver the leased object to the lessee and enable them to benefit from it. The lessee is required to maintain the leased object and pay the rent when it is due. NOTE: The مؤجِّر is entitled to the rent, and the مستأجِر is entitled to the benefit (use) of the leased property.