بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Kitāb Al-Buyoo’ (Fiqh Al-Muyassar) Lesson 7 Notes (28 Jumada Ath-Thani 1446 H - 29/12/24) Continuation... الباب الثالث: القرض The Third Subchapter: Loans المسألة الأولى: تعريفه، وأدلة مشروعيته Definition and Evidence of Its Permissibility DEFINITION LINGUISTICALLY لغة: القطع، ومنه المِقراض It refers to "cutting," from which the term nail clipper is derived. LEGISLATIVELY تمليك مال لمن ينتفع به ويَرُدُّ بدلَه Giving ownership of property to someone who utilises it and returns its equivalent. BENEFIT: Two key differences between قرض (loan) and عارية (lending): 1. In قرض, ownership of the item transfers, and the debtor must return an equivalent. 2. In عارية, ownership remains with the lender, and the borrower is required to return the exact item. Example of القرض: Person A loans person B £1,000. The debtor owns the money and must repay the equivalent amount later. Example of العارية: Person A lends person B an iPhone 10. The borrower must return the same phone after use. RULING on القرض - It is permissible to request a loan, and once requested, it is recommended to assist a fellow Muslim by providing them with a loan. This is evidenced by the generality of Qur'anic Āyāt and Prophetic narrations that emphasise the virtue of assisting others, fulfilling the needs of Muslims, alleviating their hardships, and addressing their financial distress. There is a consensus among Muslims regarding its permissibility. عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ رضي الله عنه أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ اسْتَسْلَفَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَكْرًا فَقَدِمَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِبِلٌ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ فَأَمَرَ أَبَا رَافِعٍ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ الرَّجُلَ بَكْرَهُ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو رَافِعٍ فَقَالَ لَمْ أَجِدْ فِيهَا إِلاَّ خِيَارًا رَبَاعِيًا.‏ فَقَالَ ‏((أَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ إِنَّ خِيَارَ النَّاسِ أَحْسَنُهُمْ قَضَاءً)).‏ [متفق عليه واللفظ لمسلم] Abu Rāfi’ reported that Allāh's Messenger ﷺ took from a man as a loan a بكر (a young and vigorous camel). Then the camels of Sadaqah were brought to him. He ordered Abu Rāfi’ to return to that person the young camel (as a return of the loan). Abu Rāfi’ returned to him and said: 'I did not find among them but superior camels above the age of six.' He (the Prophet) said: 'Give that to him for the best of people are those who are best in paying off the debt.' Another indication of the virtue of lending is the ḥadīth narrated by Ibn Mas'ud, wherein the Prophet ﷺ said: ((ما من مسلم يقرض مسلماً قرضاً مرتين إلا كان كصدقتها مرة)) "If a Muslim lends another Muslim twice, it will be equivalent to giving charity once." [Reported by Ibn Majah, no. 2430; classified as hasan. See Irwā' al-Ghaleel, (5/226)]. NOTE: Sheikh Abdulkareem Al-Khudhair waffaqahullāh mentions that this ḥadīth is weak, because it contains Qays ibn Rumi; who is مجهول (unknown), and Sulayman ibn Nusair, also referred to as Ibn Qushayr/Ibn Shutayr; who is weak by consensus. Nonetheless, there is no doubt that giving loans is an act of kindness, as it provides relief and alleviates hardship. This is supported by the Prophet’s saying ﷺ: «مَن نفَّس عن مؤمن كربة من كرب الدنيا، نفَّس الله عنه كربة من كرب يوم القيامة» "Whoever relieves a believer of one of the hardships of this world, Allah will relieve him of one of the hardships of the Day of Judgment" [Muslim: 2699]. And in another narration: «ومَن فرَّج عن مسلم كربة، فرج الله عنه كربة من كربات يوم القيامة» "Whoever alleviates a hardship for a Muslim, Allah will alleviate a hardship for him on the Day of Judgment" [Bukhari: 2442]. ______ المسألة الثانية: أركانه وشروطه وبعض الأحكام المتعلقة به Pillars, Conditions and Related Rulings PILLARS OF القرض The loan transaction is based on three pillars: 1. المُقرِض = creditor 2. المُقتَرِض = debtor 3. المُقرَض = debt/loan CONDITIONS 1. The creditor must own what they are loaning, as it is not permissible to loan something one does not own. 2. The creditor must possess full legal capacity (جائز التصرف); being sane, mature, free, and of sound judgment.