بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Kitāb Al-Buyoo’ (Fiqh Al-Muyassar) Lesson 6 Notes (27 Jumada Ath-Thani 1446 H - 28/12/24) Continue... الباب الثاني: في الربا Chapter Two: Regarding Ribā المسألة الأولى: تعريف الربا وحكمه Definition and Ruling on Ribā DEFINITION: Linguistically: لغة: الزيادة An increase or surplus. Example: ﴿وَتَرَى ٱلۡأَرۡضَ هَامِدَةࣰ فَإِذَاۤ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَیۡهَا ٱلۡمَاۤءَ ٱهۡتَزَّتۡ وَرَبَتۡ وَأَنۢبَتَتۡ مِن كُلِّ زَوۡجِۭ بَهِیجࣲ﴾ "And you see the earth barren, but when We send down upon it rain, it quivers and swells and grows [something] of every beautiful kind." [Surah Al-Ḥajj: 5] Legislatively: زيادةُ أحدِ العوضين المتجانسَين من غير أن يقابل هذه الزيادة عوض. An increase in one of two equivalent items without a corresponding compensation for that increase. RULING: Ribā is absolutely forbidden according to the Qur'ān, the Sunnah and Ijmā’. QUR'ĀN: Allāh ﷻ says: ﴿وَأَحَلَّ للهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبوا﴾ "Allāh has permitted trade and forbidden Ribā." [Al-Baqarah: 175] Allāh has issued a severe warning to those who engage in Ribā, as He says: ﴿یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللهَ وَذَرُوا۟ مَا بَقِیَ مِنَ ٱلرِّبَوٰۤا۟ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِینَ (278) فَإِن لَّمۡ تَفۡعَلُوا۟ فَأۡذَنُوا۟ بِحَرۡبࣲ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۖ وَإِن تُبۡتُمۡ فَلَكُمۡ رُءُوسُ أَمۡوَ ٰ⁠لِكُمۡ لَا تَظۡلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظۡلَمُونَ (279)﴾ "O you who have believed, fear Allāh and give up what remains [due to you] of interest, if you should be believers * And if you do not, then be informed of a war [against you] from Allāh and His Messenger. But if you repent, you may have your principal - [thus] you do no wrong, nor are you wronged." [Surah Al-Baqarah: 278-279] He also says: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرّبوا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَنُ مِنَ الْمَيْنَ﴾ "Those who devour Ribā will not stand [on the Day of Resurrection] except as one who is being beaten by Shayṭān into insanity." [Al-Baqarah: 275] This means they will rise from their graves at resurrection like someone afflicted by fits due to their consumption of Ribā in this world. SUNNAH: The Prophet ﷺ categorised Ribā as one of the major sins and cursed all those involved in it in any capacity. Abu Hurairah (may Allāh be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said: ((اجْتَنِبُوا السَّبْعَ المُوبِقاتِ، قالوا: يا رَسولَ الله وما هُنَّ؟ قالَ: الشِّرْكُ بالله، والسِّحْرُ، وقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتي حَرَّمَ الله إلَّا بالحَقِّ، وأَكْلُ الرِّبا، وأَكْلُ مالِ اليَتِيمِ، والتَّوَلِّي يَومَ الزَّحْفِ، وقَذْفُ المُحْصَناتِ المُؤْمِناتِ الغافِلاتِ)). "Avoid the seven destructive sins." They (the companions) said, "O Messenger of Allāh, what are they?" He said: Associating partners with Allah (shirk), Practicing sorcery (magic), Killing a soul whom Allāh has forbidden to kill, except by right, Consuming Ribā, Consuming the property of an orphan, Fleeing on the day of battle (cowardice), Slandering chaste, believing, unsuspecting women." [Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim] Similarly, Jābir (may Allāh be pleased with him) reported: ((لعن رسول الله ﷺ آكل الربا، وموكله، وكاتبه وشاهديه، وقال: هم سواء)). "The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ cursed the one who consumes Ribā, the one who gives it, the one who records it, and its witnesses," and he said, "They are all the same." [Narrated by Muslim (1598)] The serious nature of Ribā is further highlighted in the following ḥadīth: عن أبي هريرة، رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: ((الربا سبعون بابا أهونها عند الله كالذي ينكح أمه)). "Ribā has seventy doors (or levels), the least of which, in the sight of Allah, is like a man committing adultery with his mother." CONSENSUS: The entire Ummah is in agreement regarding the prohibition of Ribā. _____ المسألة الثانية: الحكمة في تحريمه The Wisdom Behind Its Prohibition - Engaging in Ribā fosters selfishness and an excessive desire to accumulate wealth through unlawful means.