بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Kitāb Al-Buyoo’ (Fiqh Al-Muyassar) Lesson 2 Notes (6 Jumada Ath-Thani 1446 H - 7/12/25) Continuation... المسألة الثالثة: الإشهاد على البيع Having witnessing in a Sale Transactions Having a witness to sales transactions is مستحب (recommended) but not obligatory. This is based on Allāh's statement: ﴿وَأَشۡهِدُوۤا۟ إِذَا تَبَایَعۡتُمۡ﴾ “And take witnesses when you make a sale.” [Surah Al-Baqarah: 282] The command in this Āyah is understood as a recommendation rather than an obligation due to the following reasons: 1. Allāh ﷻ said: ﴿فَإِنۡ أَمِنَ بَعۡضُكُم بَعۡضࣰا فَلۡیُؤَدِّ ٱلَّذِی ٱؤۡتُمِنَ أَمَـٰنَتَهُ﴾ "If you trust one another, then ˹there is no need for a security." [Surah Al-Baqarah: 283] This indicates that the command is primarily for recommendation, to ensure documentation and protect people's interests. 2. It was narrated from 'Umarah bin Khuzaimah that his paternal uncle (Khuzaimah ibn Thabit), who was one of the companions of the Prophet told him: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ابْتَاعَ فَرَسًا مِنْ أَعْرَابِيٍّ وَاسْتَتْبَعَهُ لِيَقْبِضَ ثَمَنَ فَرَسِهِ فَأَسْرَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَبْطَأَ الأَعْرَابِيُّ وَطَفِقَ الرِّجَالُ يَتَعَرَّضُونَ لِلأَعْرَابِيِّ فَيَسُومُونَهُ بِالْفَرَسِ وَهُمْ لاَ يَشْعُرُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ابْتَاعَهُ حَتَّى زَادَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي السَّوْمِ عَلَى مَا ابْتَاعَهُ بِهِ مِنْهُ فَنَادَى الأَعْرَابِيُّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنْ كُنْتَ مُبْتَاعًا هَذَا الْفَرَسَ وَإِلاَّ بِعْتُهُ.‏ فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حِينَ سَمِعَ نِدَاءَهُ فَقَالَ ((أَلَيْسَ قَدِ ابْتَعْتُهُ مِنْكَ؟)).‏ قَالَ لاَ وَاللهِ مَا بِعْتُكَهُ.‏ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ‏((قَدِ ابْتَعْتُهُ مِنْكَ)).‏ فَطَفِقَ النَّاسُ يَلُوذُونَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَبِالأَعْرَابِيِّ وَهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ وَطَفِقَ الأَعْرَابِيُّ يَقُولُ هَلُمَّ شَاهِدًا يَشْهَدُ أَنِّي قَدْ بِعْتُكَهُ.‏ قَالَ خُزَيْمَةُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ أَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ قَدْ بِعْتَهُ.‏ قَالَ فَأَقْبَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى خُزَيْمَةَ فَقَالَ ((لِمَ تَشْهَدُ؟)).‏ قَالَ بِتَصْدِيقِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ.‏ قَالَ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ شَهَادَةَ خُزَيْمَةَ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلَيْنِ.‏ The Prophet ﷺ bought a horse from a Bedouin and asked him to follow him, so that he could pay him for the horse. The Prophet hastened but the Bedouin was slow. Men started to talk to the Bedouin and make offers for the horse, and they did not realise that the Prophet had bought it, until some of them offered more than the Prophet had bought it for. Then the Bedouin called out to the Prophet and said; "Are you going to buy this horse or shall I sell it?" The Prophet ﷺ stopped when he heard him calling and said: "Have I not bought it from you?" He said: 'No, by Allāh, I have not sold it to you, and the Prophet said "I bought it from you." The people started to gaiter around the Prophet and the Bedouion as they were talking, and the Bedouin started to say: "Bring a witness who will testify that you bought it. " Khuzaimah ibn habit said: "I bear witness that you bought it" The Prophet ﷺ turned to Khuzaimah and said: "Why are you bearing witness?" He said: "Because I know that you are truthful, O Messenger of Allāh" made the testimony of Khuzaimah equivalent to the testimony of two men. [Reported by Ahmad (5/215), Abu Dawood (3607), and An-Nasa’i (7/301); authenticated by Shaykh Al-Albani (Sahih Sunan An-Nasa’i, no. 4332)] The point of evidence: The Prophet ﷺ purchased the horse from the Bedouin without any witnesses. If bearing witness was obligatory in sales transactions, the Prophet ﷺ would not have completed the purchase without first ensuring witnesses. 3. The Companions (may Allāh be pleased with them) engaged in buying and selling in the markets during the Prophet’s time, and it has not been reported that he ﷺ commanded them to bear witness in such transactions. 4. Sales and purchases are frequent and routine activities in daily life, especially in marketplaces. If bearing witness were required for every transaction, it would lead to undue hardship and inconvenience. This is contrary to the ease granted by Allāh in His saying: