#الأربعون_في_ذكر_الأربعين

#الأربعون_البراوية_في_النصوص_الشرعية 35. The Prophet ﷺ Married Her Off Forty Days After Her Husband’s Death عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ جَالِسٌ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ: أَفْتِنِي فِي امْرَأَةٍ وَلَدَتْ بَعْدَ زَوْجِهَا بِأَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: آخِرُ الأَجَلَيْنِ، قُلْتُ أَنَا: {وَأُولاَتُ الأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ} [الطلاق: 4]، قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَا مَعَ ابْنِ أَخِي، يَعْنِي أَبَا سَلَمَةَ، فَأَرْسَلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ غُلاَمَهُ كُرَيْبًا إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ يَسْأَلُهَا، فَقَالَتْ: قُتِلَ زَوْجُ سُبَيْعَةَ الأَسْلَمِيَّةِ وَهِيَ حُبْلَى، فَوَضَعَتْ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ بِأَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً، فَخُطِبَتْ، فَأَنْكَحَهَا رَسُولُ الله ﷺ، وَكَانَ أَبُو السَّنَابِلِ فِيمَنْ خَطَبَهَا. Narrated Abu Salamah ibn Abdirrahman: A man came to 'Abdullah ibn Abbas while Abu Hurayrah was sitting with him. The man asked: “Give me a ruling about a woman who gave birth forty nights after her husband’s death.” Ibn 'Abbas said: “Her waiting period ends at the later of the two terms.” I said (referring to the verse): ‘And those who are pregnant—their waiting period is until they deliver their child’ [65:4]. Abu Hurayrah said: “I agree with my nephew,” meaning Abu Salamah. Then Ibn 'Abbas sent his servant Kurayb to ask Umm Salamah. She replied: “The husband of Subay‘ah Al-Aslamiyyah was killed while she was pregnant. She gave birth forty nights after his death. Then she became eligible for marriage proposals, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ allowed her to marry. Abu As-Sanabil was among those who had proposed to her.” [Reported by Al-Bukhari (4909) and Muslim (1484)] Brief Commentary: 1. Islam prescribed the waiting period (ʿiddah) for women after divorce or the death of a husband for several purposes. These include making sure the womb is clear of pregnancy, and to confirm if there is a child. This protects lineage and ensures clarity about parentage. When the ʿiddah ends, a woman is allowed to marry whomever she wishes. This hadith explains one aspect of that ruling. 2. Subayʿah Al-Aslamiyyah was married to Saʿd ibn Khawlah, who was among those who attended the Battle of Badr. He died during the Farewell Pilgrimage, in the 10th year after Hijrah. At that time, Subayʿah was pregnant. She soon gave birth shortly after her husband’s death. When she recovered from childbirth and became pure again, she beautified herself—applying kohl and henna and other allowed forms of adornment—because she thought she was free to remarry. Then Abu As-Sanabil ibn Baʿkak, a man from the Quraysh tribe, entered upon her. He objected to her beautification and said, “Why do I see you beautifying yourself for suitors? Do you want to marry again?” Then he swore by Allah that she could not remarry until she completed four months and ten days—the waiting period for a widow who is not pregnant, based on the verse: “And those who die and leave wives behind—they shall wait four months and ten days” [2:234]. When Subayʿah heard this, she covered herself and went to the Prophet ﷺ in the evening and asked him about what Abu As-Sanabil had said. The Prophet ﷺ gave her the ruling that her ʿiddah had ended with childbirth, which is the earlier of the two possible limits. This is based on the verse: “And for those who are pregnant—their waiting period is until they give birth.” [65:4] 3. Once a woman gives birth, the objective of the ʿiddah (ensuring the womb is clear of pregnancy) is fulfilled, so her waiting period ends, and she is allowed to remarry if she wishes. She does not need to wait four months and ten days. 4. From this hadith, we learn that a woman is allowed to beautify herself in a lawful way when she becomes eligible for marriage, to attract suitors. 5. It also shows that religious rulings are not based on personal opinions, but must be taken from knowledgeable scholars and authentic sources. https://t.me/madrasatuna/6091