BENEFIT: The Twelve Sciences of The Arabic Language

There are 12 disciplines that focus on studying Arabic from various perspectives. Scholars have devoted great attention to these sciences to ensure precise understanding and mastery. These sciences are as follows: 1. Lexicology (علم اللغة): The study of the origins of language, its vocabulary, and the precise meanings of words 2. Morphology (علم الصرف/التصريف): Focuses on the formation and modification of words. 3. Grammar (علم النحو): Concerned with the rules governing sentence structure and grammatical inflection. 4. Semantics (علم المعاني): A branch of rhetoric that deals with the meanings of words and sentences. 5. Rhetoric (علم البيان): Examines various expressive techniques such as simile, metaphor, and figurative speech. 6. Stylistics (علم البديع): Concerned with linguistic embellishments and rhetorical devices. 7. Prosody (علم العروض): Studies the metrical patterns and rhythms of Arabic poetry. 8. Rhyme (علم القافية): Focuses on the endings of poetic verses in terms of rhythm and phonetic patterns. 9. Rules of Writing (علم قوانين الكتابة): Pertains to the art and techniques of Arabic script and its stylistic development. 10. Rules of Reading (علم قوانين القراءة): Studies the different modes of reciting the Quran according to various transmitted traditions. 11. The Science of Composing Letters & Speeches (علم إنشاء الرسائل والخطب): Studies the principles and techniques of writing formal and informal correspondence, as well as crafting eloquent speeches. 12. The Science of Oratory & Discourse (علم المحاضرات): Studies the art of public speaking, dialogue, and literary narration. It includes historical accounts, storytelling, and delivering engaging lectures, emphasising clarity, coherence, and persuasive expression. Source: [Al-Kawākib Af-Durriyah ‘alā Mutammimat Al-Ajurrūmiyyah (p. 24) - Muhammad ibn Abdil-Bāri Al-Ahdal] NOTE: Balāghah (Rhetoric) encompasses three of the sciences we mentioned: semantics (علم المعاني), rhetoric (علم البيان), and stylistics (علم البديع). ▪️The 12 sciences are encapsulated in these two verses: صرفٌ بيانٌ معاني النحوُ قافيةٌ ... شعرٌ عروضُ اشتقاقُ الخطُّ إنشاءُ محاضراتٌ وثاني عشرها لغة ... تلك العلوم لها الآداب أسماء #lughah@masjidsahabah #فوائد_لغوية