Note 9: Tasting and pre-chewing food for infants while fasting is permissible if there's a need, but one must make sure not to deliberately swallow anything.

____ Important notes regarding sexual intercourse: Note 1: Sexual intercourse (Al-Jimā’) is when the head of the penis is inserted into the vagina; this is enough to invalidate the fast, even if there's no penetration or ejaculation. Note 2: Kissing & fondling does not invalidate the fast, but if one is incapable of controlling his desire, which may result in him breaking his fast through sexual intercourse, then he has to keep away from this altogether. ’Ā'ishah raḍhiyallāhu ’anhā said: “The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ used to kiss (his wives) while fasting, and he used to fondle (his wives) while fasting, but he had the greatest control over his desire among you. [Bukhāri & Muslim] Note 3: The invalidators are divided into two categories: 1. Those which necessitate Kaffārah (expiation) 2. Those which do not necessitate kaffārah. Sexual intercourse falls into the first category while everything else falls into the second category. This is why the scholars have said, sexual intercourse (aside from apostasy) is the most sinful way of breaking one's fast; as it is the only invalidator which necessitates Kaffārah. Note 4: The Kaffārah for intercourse, aside from sincere repentance, is to free a slave. If that's not possible, he has to fast for two months consecutively. During these two months, he is not allowed to break the fast except for a legal reason such as the days of ’Eid, Tashrīq (the 11th,12th, 13th of Dhul-Hijjah) or due to valid excuse such as sickness or the need to travel. If he stops fasting without a valid reason, he has to restart again. If fasting two consecutive months is not possible, he has to feed sixty poor people. If he cannot afford this, he is exempted from offering Kaffārah. The evidence for this is the ḥadīth of Abū Hurairah raḍhiyallāhu ’anhu, who said: “While we were sitting with the Prophet (ﷺ) a man came and said, "O Allāh's Messenger (ﷺ)! I'm ruined." Allāh's Messenger (ﷺ) asked what was the matter with him. He replied "I had sexual intercourse with my wife while I was fasting." Allāh's Messenger (ﷺ) asked him, "Can you afford to free a slave?" He replied in the negative. Allāh's Messenger (ﷺ) asked him, "Can you fast for two successive months?" He replied in the negative. The Prophet (ﷺ) asked him, "Can you afford to feed sixty poor people?" He replied in the negative...” [Bukhāri and Muslim] Note 5: If both spouses willingly engage in sexual intercourse, both would have invalidated their fasts, and the stronger opinion is that Kaffārah is due upon both individually. Note 6: If the husband forces his wife into having sexual intercourse and she submits unwillingly, there's no sin upon her and she can continue with her fast. It is the husband's fast that is invalidated, and it is he who will bear the sin and carry the responsibility of offering Kaffārah. Note 7: If someone engages in sexual intercourse more than once within the same day, the sin is far greater, however, only one Kaffārah is necessary. But if one invalidates their fast over a number of days through sexual intercourse, they must perform a separate Kaffārah for each day. Note 8: Kaffārah is necessary only if someone breaks their fast through sexual intercourse. So if someone breaks their fast by any means other than sexual intercourse and then engages in sexual intercourse, no Kaffārah is required. Note 9: This Kaffārah is specific to breaking the fast during Ramaḍhān. In the case where someone is making up for missed days outside Ramaḍhān, there is no Kaffārah if he breaks his fast through sexual intercourse. Note 10: If a person enters Fajr in a state of Janābah, this does not invalidate their fast. ’Ā'ishah & Umm Salamah raḍhiyallāhu ’anhumā (the two wives of the Prophet ﷺ) both narrated that the Prophet ﷺ would sometimes enter morning in a state of Janābah due to sexual intercourse, and he would observe fast on that day. [Bukhāri & Muslim]