The Second: If fasting is difficult, but not harmful, they can break their fast, although fasting is better.

The Third: If fasting is difficult and harmful at the same time (i.e. fasting worsens the sickness or delays recovery), then fasting is not permissible, because Allāh the Exalted said (translated meaning): “Do not throw yourselves into destruction.” [Sūrah Al-Baqarah: 195] Category 6⃣: The pregnant & breastfeeding women ▪️a. This category is excused from fasting Ramaḍhān (Adā'an) ONLY IF fasting poses a health risk to them or their children. If there's no risk, they must fast. The Prophet ﷺ said: “Allāh has waived for the traveller half of the prayer, and [He has waived] fasting for the traveller, pregnant and suckling woman.” [Abū Dāwūd - graded 'Ṣaḥīḥ' by Sheikh Muqbil in Al-Jāmi’ Aṣ-Ṣaḥīḥ] ▪️b. They have to make up for missed days whenever they are able (Qaḍhā'). ▪️c. Some scholars said it's also obligatory upon them to feed a poor person for each missed fast. However, the stronger opinion is that there's no clear textual evidence obligating this. Category 7⃣: Menstruating women and those experiencing post-natal bleeding ▪️a. This category is excused from fasting Ramaḍhān (Adā'an), but they have to make up for any missed days afterwards (Qaḍhā'). ▪️b. If they fast in this state, they will be sinful. ▪️c. If they begin to bleed at any point during the day, their fast is automatically invalidated; if this happens, they can eat, but they must make up for this day. ▪️d. If they become clean during the day, they are not allowed to fast for the rest of that day. Category 8⃣: The traveller ▪️a. This category is excused from fasting Ramaḍhān (Adā'an), but they have to make up for any missed days afterwards (Qaḍhā'). ▪️b. If fasting is not difficult then fasting is better, but if it's difficult then fasting is disliked, and it may even be Ḥarām if it causes harm. ▪️c. If a traveller begins his journey while fasting and then wants to break his fast, he is allowed to do so. ▪️d. If a traveller who was not fasting becomes resident during the day, he can continue eating for the remainder of the day. 🔺Note: a traveller is not allowed to break their fast until they set out & leave the surroundings of their town 🔺Note: Some scholars state that the concessions of a traveller, such as shortening prayers, exemption from fasting, etc, do not apply in the case of someone who seeks to commit sin by means of this trip. However, the stronger opinion is that these concessions are open to all travellers - even those who seek to commit sin. Yes they are sinful, but we cannot disallow them from these concessions without clear textual evidence. Category 9⃣: The Mujāhid ▪️a. This category is excused from fasting Ramaḍhān (Adā'an), but they have to make up for any missed days afterwards (Qaḍhā'). Abū Sa‘ēd Al-Khudrī raḍhiyallāhu ’anhu said: “We travelled with the Messenger of Allāh (ﷺ) towards Makkah and we had been observing fast. We halted at a place. There the Messenger of Allāh (ﷺ) said: You are nearing your enemy and breaking the fast will give you greater strength, and that was a concession (given to us). But some of us continued to observe the fast and some of us broke it. We then got down at another place and he (ﷺ) said: You are going to encounter the enemy in the morning and breaking the fast will give you strength, so break the fast. As it was a point of stress, so we broke the fast. But subsequently we saw ourselves observing the fast with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on a journey.” [Muslim] Ibnul Qayyim raḥimahullāh said, Jihād is an exemption seperate to travelling. [Zād Al-Ma’ād (2/53)] Category 🔟: Exceptional circumstances (ḍharūrah) ▪️a. If a person's life, or someone else's life is at risk and there's no other option except to break one's fast, it becomes obligatory upon them to break their fast. For example: if someone fears for his health due to severe hunger or unbearable thirst, he has to break his fast.