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BENEFIT 271: Importance of Appointing a Ruler Over The Muslims

3 November 2024 • 1.3K views
Sheikh Al-Islam ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullah states: "يجب أن يُعرف أنّ ولاية أمرِ النّاسِ من أعظم واجباتِ الدّين؛ It must be known that having a leader over the affairs of people is one of the most greatest religious obligations; بل لا قيامَ للدّين ولا للدنيا إلا بها. Indeed, neither religion nor worldly matters can be established without it. فإنَّ بني آدمَ لا تتم مصلحتُهم إلا بالاجتماعِ لحاجةِ بعضهم إلى بعض، Humanity cannot fulfill its interests except through gathering and cooperation, as each person depends on others. ولا بدَّ لهم عند الاجتماعِ من رأسٍ، And when they come together, they must have a leader. حتى قال النبي ﷺ: ((إذَا خَرَجَ ثَلَاثَةٌ فِي سَفَرٍ فَلْيُؤَمِّرُوا أَحَدَهُمْ)) رواه أبو داود، من حديث أبي سعيد، وأبي هريرة. Thus, the Prophet ﷺ said: 'When three people set out on a journey, they should appoint one of them as leader.' This was narrated by Abu Dawood from the hadith of Abu Sa'eed and Abu Hurairah. وروى الإمام أحمد في المسند عن عبد الله بن عمرو أنّ النبي ﷺ قال: ((لَا يَحِلُّ لِثَلَاثَةٍ يَكُونُونَ بِفَلَاةٍ مِنْ الْأَرْضِ إلَّا أَمَّرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ أَحَدَهُمْ)). Imam Ahmad reported in 'Al-Musnad' on the authority of ’Abdullah ibn ’Amr that the Prophet ﷺ said: “It is not permissible for three people who are in a remote area of land to avoid appointing one of them as their leader.” فأجبَ ﷺ تأميرَ الواحدِ في الاجتماعِ القليلِ العارضِ في السفر، تنبيهًا بذلك على سائرِ أنواع الاجتماع. This directive to appoint a leader even for a small, temporary group travelling together is intended to highlight the necessity of leadership in all types of gatherings. ولأنّ الله تعالى أوجبَ الأمرَ بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر، ولا يتمُّ ذلك إلا بقوةٍ وإمارة، Furthermore, Allāh the Exalted has commanded enjoining good and forbidding evil, which cannot be realised except through authority and leadership. وكذلك سائرُ ما أَوجبهُ من الجهاد والعدل وإقامة الحج والجمع والأعياد ونصر المظلوم وإقامة الحدود، لا تتم إلا بالقوة والإمارة، Similarly, other obligations such as jihad, justice, the establishment of pilgrimage, Friday prayers, festivals, support for the oppressed, and the enforcement of legal penalties cannot be fulfilled without authority and leadership. ولهذا روي "إن السلطان ظل الله في الأرض"، ويقال "ستون سنة من إمام جائر أصلح من ليلة واحدة بلا سلطان" This is why it is reported, 'The ruler is the shadow of Allāh on earth,' and it is said, 'Sixty years under an unjust ruler is better than a single night without any ruler.' والتجربة تبين ذلك، ولهذا كان السلف كالفضيل بن عياض وأحمد بن حنبل وغيرهما يقولون: لو كان لنا دعوة مجابة لدعونا بها للسلطان... Reality confirms this, and this is why the pious predecessors, such as Fuḍayl ibn ’Iyaḍ and Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, would say, 'If we had a supplication that would be answered, we would direct it to the ruler.'" [مجموع الفتاوى (28 / 390، 391)]