The Fourth Issue:

Whoever declares another to be a disbeliever on the basis of alteration would also be required to declare as disbelievers those whom the consensus of Ahlus-Sunnah does not consider disbelievers—namely, those who commit sins. This is because the sinner has replaced Allāh's judgment with another; that of desire and Shayṭān. Ibn Ḥazm said: “Allāh the Exalted said: ﴿وَمَن لَّمْ يحكُم بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئكَ هُمُ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ﴾ ‘And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed, those are the disbelievers.’ [Qur'ān 44]. He also said: ﴿وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ﴾ ‘And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed, those are the wrongdoers.’ [Qur'ān 45]. And He said: ﴿وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بمَا أَنزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئكَ هُمُ ٱلۡفَـٰسِقُونَ﴾ ‘And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed, those are the corrupt.’ [Qur'ān 47]. فليُلزم المعتزلة أن يصرحوا بكفر كل عاص وظالم وفاسق؛ لأن كل عامل بالمعصية فلم يحكم بما أنزل الله» The Mu'tazilites must then be consistent and declare every sinner, wrongdoer, and corrupt person as a disbeliever since every sinner who does not judge by what Allāh has revealed falls into this category.” [Al-Faṣl (3/278)]