“The root cause for most innovations returns back to two matters:

1. Adding into the religion by introducing something and setting that as a requirement in the religion though it was not legislated by Allāh nor his Messenger (ﷺ). 2. Subtracting [from the religion] by rejecting something that was legislated by Allāh or His Messenger as a requirement in the religion by means of false misinterpretation (Ta’weel).” [‘Eethārul Haqq ‘alal khalq’ (page 85)]